You are so welcome! I love this topic and these questions. And because I cannot shut up about it:
There's a historical enthnographer named Thomas Abercrombie who thinks that Lieutenant Nun (original name Catalina de Erauso) wasn't unique, either - elite Spanish families dealt with troublesome children of many varieties by packing them off to the colonies where they could live under assumed identities and not ruin the family honor, so there probably were other young women who wanted to live as young men who had the luck to be born into a Spanish noble family.
Similarly, but 350 years later, one of Zapata's most important followers in the Mexican Revolution, a Colonel Amelio Robles, was well understood by his comrades and enemies to have been born with the name Amelia. In his case, the chaos and violence of the war provided an opportunity to insist - at gunpoint - that he be treated as a man. He survived the war and was able to go on living as a man in his Morelos village afterward, with a wife. Eventually he earned the government pension which was offered only to male war veterans and became, to his mild bemusement, a feminist icon of the 1970s as "la colonela." There's a great article about him by Gabriela Cano in a book titled Sex and Revolution.
Oh, and I meant to conclude: so one way that some cultures dealt with the gender-identity-not-like-physical-body issue is that they weren't all that interested in the sex of the physical body. What made the runaway nun a man, what made the diplomat first a man and then a woman, were their clothes. With Colonel Robles, on the other hand, what stabilized his identity was the agreement of the people around him, even if that agreement was coerced. So there, too, the body was much less at issue than the community - if that makes any sense?
no subject
There's a historical enthnographer named Thomas Abercrombie who thinks that Lieutenant Nun (original name Catalina de Erauso) wasn't unique, either - elite Spanish families dealt with troublesome children of many varieties by packing them off to the colonies where they could live under assumed identities and not ruin the family honor, so there probably were other young women who wanted to live as young men who had the luck to be born into a Spanish noble family.
Similarly, but 350 years later, one of Zapata's most important followers in the Mexican Revolution, a Colonel Amelio Robles, was well understood by his comrades and enemies to have been born with the name Amelia. In his case, the chaos and violence of the war provided an opportunity to insist - at gunpoint - that he be treated as a man. He survived the war and was able to go on living as a man in his Morelos village afterward, with a wife. Eventually he earned the government pension which was offered only to male war veterans and became, to his mild bemusement, a feminist icon of the 1970s as "la colonela." There's a great article about him by Gabriela Cano in a book titled Sex and Revolution.
Oh, and I meant to conclude: so one way that some cultures dealt with the gender-identity-not-like-physical-body issue is that they weren't all that interested in the sex of the physical body. What made the runaway nun a man, what made the diplomat first a man and then a woman, were their clothes. With Colonel Robles, on the other hand, what stabilized his identity was the agreement of the people around him, even if that agreement was coerced. So there, too, the body was much less at issue than the community - if that makes any sense?